Benedict Jacka

A handful of the vast quantity of medical Life sigls in current use.

Mending

Type:  Triggered
Appearance: Pale green, sphere
Rank: C to B+

Although all medical sigls are inherently specialised, the Mending sigl is the closest thing there is to a general purpose first-aid solution, designed to keep a patient alive until more specialised medical treatment can be administered.  Mending sigls are commonly referred to as first aid or responder sigls, since they’re intended for use by paramedics and other emergency workers.

Mending sigls are designed to treat bleeding, especially internal bleeding.  Although human beings can die in hundreds of ways, in the case of accidents or emergencies the most common reason for death is lack of oxygen supply due to blood loss, and this is what mending sigls are intended to prevent.  Mending sigls stimulate production of platelets and coagulation factors while boosting the body’s natural regenerative functions.  The sigl is only designed to treat life-threatening bleeding, not any other kind;  bruising, for instance, is also caused by internal bleeding, but mending sigls are very specifically tuned not to help with bruising, or any other non-lethal conditions.  The reason for this is that Life treatments consume a certain amount of the body’s energy, and if a patient is on the brink of death, forcing their body to prioritise healing non-essential damage may kill them.

Even with this safety feature, mending sigls can still be dangerous if used too aggressively or swiftly.  As such, even mending sigls (which are probably the safest and most idiot-proof of all medical sigls) are not recommended for amateur use except in emergencies.

More powerful and specialised versions of this sigl are used by medical drucrafters;  all drucraft emergency rooms will have one.

Painkiller

Type:  Continuous or triggered
Appearance: Dark green, teardrop shape
Rank: D+ to C

A reverse-enhancement sigl that serves the purpose of an analgesic, suppressing or blocking the parts of the nervous system that detect and transmit pain signals to the brain.  The pain is still there, the subject just doesn’t feel it.  Comes in continuous forms meant for long-term pain relief, and triggered versions intended to be used as a complement to other medical sigls during surgical procedures.

Carries the same benefits and drawbacks as other analgesics.  Pain is unpleasant, and suppressing it can make a patient’s life a lot more comfortable.  However, it exists for a reason;  when you don’t feel pain, you can get hurt very badly very quickly, and not notice until it’s too late.

Triggered versions of this sigl are usually employed by medical assistants to doctors.  Continuous versions are usually used by elderly wielders with chronic ailments, or by particularly psychotic combat drucrafters who want an edge in a fight and don’t care much about long-term consequences.

Rebuild

Type:  Continuous or triggered
Appearance: Light green, sphere
Rank: D+ to C+

A sigl that repairs damaged muscles.  Comes in acute-triggered versions (designed to be used in exceptional circumstances), steady-triggered versions (intended for regular use) and continuous ones.

The triggered versions of this sigl tend to be somewhat more powerful and are designed to fix accidental damage, whether that damage takes the form of a pulled muscle or just the regular micro-tears caused by vigorous exercise.  In either case the function is very similar;  by boosting the body’s natural regenerative functions, the muscle recovers much more quickly than would otherwise be the case.  In either case it’s assumed that the user will be a medical professional.

The rarer continuous version of this sigl is designed to boost the body’s muscular regeneration to a lesser but more sustainable degree, so as to work 24/7.  It’s used by people in professions that are sufficiently physically demanding that they’re expecting to overstrain their muscles all the time – athletes, soldiers, participants in extreme sports, and so on.  The idea is that by running the sigl constantly, they can rapidly bounce back from their regular strains and minor injuries, and build muscle strength in the process.

Reinforcement

Type:  Continuous or triggered
Appearance: Green, teardrop shape
Rank: C to A

A sigl that can be classified either as medical or enhancement, depending on one’s point of view.  The Reinforcement sigl enhances the body’s immune system by boosting white blood cell count.  (White blood cells are the ‘standing army’ of the immune system, hence the sigl’s name – it makes the body ‘send out reinforcements’).  As with the previous two sigls, this one comes in triggered forms intended to be used selectively by medical professionals, and continuous forms intended to be worn by the wielder and used for an extended period of time.

Generally regarded in medical drucraft as a sort of ‘shotgun’ option:  it has a pretty good chance of helping to stop an infection, even when the drucrafter doesn’t actually know what the infection is.  As such, it has the reputation of a sigl mostly used by people who don’t really know what they’re doing.  Despite this, the sigl is a very broadly useful one and is a safe first option for treatment in about 90% of cases.  (In the remaining 10% of cases the patient has an autoimmune disorder, in which case supercharging their immune system will either make them much sicker or kill them outright.)

Life sigls are generally divided into ‘medical’ and ‘other’ categories.  This article will look at a small sampling of the latter.

Strength

Type:  Continuous
Appearance: Deep green, teardrop shape
Rank: D+ to B (rarely higher)

The most basic of all enhancement sigls, the Strength sigl enhances the wielder’s muscular system, letting them lift heavier weights, hit harder, trek around more easily while burdened, and resist strains and similar injuries.  The weakest D+ ones usually translate into an effective increase to the wielder’s strength of 10% or so, while C-rank and B-rank versions come in at around 30% and 70% respectively.  In theory A-rank and even S-rank versions can be made, but this is usually not considered commercially viable – few customers are willing to pay what it would cost to push their strength any higher.

Can be shaped as a triggered sigl, but repeatedly activating and deactivating the sigl is very disorienting to a wielder.  As such, commercially produced Strength sigls are always made continuous so that the wielder has time to become accustomed to their new baseline.

An extremely common sigl sold in hundreds of varieties all around the world.  Often tuned to boost certain types of muscular activity at the expense of others – some users will be looking more for endurance, others more for fast-twitch performance.  Individual brands are commonly named after mythological heroes or monsters from the country in question.

Occasionally, shapers will attempt to produce localised versions of this sigl that boost only certain muscle groups.  While in theory this can allow for a much more powerful enhancement, in practice the unbalancing effect tends to cause more problems than it solves.  The human muscular system is quite finely tuned and many muscles that might seem non-essential in fact provide an important stabilising function.  As such, most mass-produced strength sigls use regulators to spread the enhancement evenly throughout the body.

Reflex

Type:  Continuous
Appearance: Green, teardrop shape
Rank: C to S

The cousin to the Strength sigl, the Reflex sigl optimises and enhances the nervous and circulatory systems, while also increasing adrenaline production.  The effect is to greatly increase reflexes and reaction time.

Much more complex than the Strength sigl, and considerably more risky to use.  The human body is not really designed to be constantly on high alert and pumped with adrenaline, and heavy use of this sigl is terrible for long-term health.  Drucrafters who intend to make use of this sigl are well advised to spend considerable time training with it, so that they can adjust quickly to the sigl being activated and deactivated – the alternative (keeping the sigl active all the time) is a good way to end up with crippling health problems.   

Despite this, the sigl remains popular.  Simply being able to react faster than an opponent is a potent advantage, and in a dangerous situation the difference between reacting in half a second and in a quarter of a second can be life-saving.  As such, this sigl is common among drucrafters expecting to get into combat.

Cat’s Eye

Type:  Continuous
Appearance: Pale green, sphere
Rank: D to C

A sigl that enhances the human visual system, improving the eyes, optic nerves, and visual cortex.  As the name suggests, this sigl is most commonly designed so as to improve low-light vision, but other versions focus more on general visual acuity instead (in which case they’re more likely to be named after a falcon or an eagle, rather than a cat).

For obvious reasons, this sigl has to be worn on the head.  Headband versions are the simplest and thus the most common, though shapers who prefer a more subtle approach may design the sigl so that it can be worn anywhere touching the skull, allowing it to be hidden by the drucrafter’s hair.

The effect of this sigl overlaps somewhat with the Darksight effect from the Light branch.  Darksight has a much higher ceiling of effectiveness – the Cat’s Eye sigl is fundamentally limited by the capabilities of the human eye, and since humans do not have the inherent low-light vision of an owl or a cat, there’s only so much a Life enhancement can do.  However, some drucrafters find the more ‘organic’ improvement of a Life enhancement more comfortable and intuitive to use than the Darksight effect, which can easily overwhelm a drucrafter who doesn’t know how to interpret the extra parts of the electromagnetic spectrum that they’re suddenly seeing.

Stun

Type:  Triggered
Appearance: Green, sphere
Rank: C to C+

One of the rare Life sigls designed to be used offensively, the Stun sigl attempts to suppress neurological activity in the target’s brain and nervous system.  The effect is something like delivering a split-second power cut to a computer, knocking the target out and forcing their brain to ‘reboot’.  The subject will immediately start to recover as soon as the effect ends, but this can take several minutes.

Although powerful, the spell has its drawbacks.  Firstly, to be fully effective, the spell has to be delivered directly to the brain or upper spinal cord, which means touching the target’s head, back, or (ideally) the back of the neck.  Secondly, like all effects designed to knock a person unconscious, there’s always the risk of running into someone with some medical condition that’ll cause unexpected side effects.  In rare cases this sigl has been known to cause brain damage, especially in the elderly.

However, by far the biggest weakness of this sigl is that since it involves channelling essentia directly into the target’s body, a drucrafter with sufficient control over their personal essentia can resist it by concentrating their own personal essentia in such a way as to blunt the attack.  This isn’t quite as big a problem as it sounds, since channellers with this level of control are rare, and even if they do have a sufficient level of control, they may not recognise the threat in time to counter it.  However, the fact that it’s theoretically possible for a drucrafter to completely negate an attack from this sigl simply by standing still and concentrating really hard has so far prevented Stun sigls from ever becoming really popular.

The fourth of the branches, Life essentia gives drucrafters the ability to affect living biological systems.

Capabilities

Life effects work quite differently to Motion, Matter, or Light.  While Light and Motion effects tend to operate on a straightforward conversion basis (turning essentia into energy or vice versa) and Matter drucraft affects physical properties, Life spells either enhance or inhibit biological systems.  A typical Light spell is something like ‘create a light on X wavelength’.  A typical Life spell is something like ‘strengthen this particular system in this particular living creature in this particular way, which creates about a hundred secondary effects, only a few of which are going to be obvious’.

To do anything useful, a Life sigl has to focus on one bodily system or subsystem to affect.  Some of the more common choices are:

• Circulatory system:  Pumps blood, transporting oxygen/nutrients around the body.  Affects endurance and general body efficiency.
• Muscular system:  Enables movement, affecting strength and speed.
• Nervous system:  Processes sensory information and co-ordinates movement.  Affects general body operation and reaction speed.
• Respiratory system:  Exchanges gases between the air and the blood.
• Immune system:  Defends the body against infection.
• Urinary system:  Eliminates waste and regulates fluid balance.

Simply listing the systems like this, however, makes Life drucraft sound much simpler than it actually is, because every one of the above systems is interdependent with all of the others, and making a change to any one of them will cause knock-on effects (often unpredictable effects) to everything else.  This makes Life drucraft far more complicated in execution than all of the other branches, and potentially much more unpredictable.  Life drucraft research is notoriously difficult, and nasty accidents are common.

Strengths and Weaknesses

The most common way that Life drucraft is used in practice is to create a sigl that picks out one particular bodily system and enhances it.  Effectively this ‘turbocharges’ the system, allowing it to function better or more quickly than it normally could.  Muscles can lift a greater weight, blood can oxygenate more efficiently, nerves can process input faster.  With a properly designed sigl, almost any aspect of a living body can be improved;  to an outside observer, a Life-enhanced drucrafter just seems better than a normal person in every way.

By selectively enhancing elements of the immune, circulatory, and regenerative systems, Life drucraft can be used to treat injuries.  Life spells can’t instantly heal wounds – there’s no way for a body to quickly seal up a tear or re-set a broken bone – but they can make a body repair itself far faster than it could do by itself.  Powered by essentia and guided by a skilled medical drucrafter, a body can heal damage at ten times the speed it would do naturally, and with no lasting consequences.

The key word in that last paragraph, however, is ‘skilled’.  More so than any of the other branches, Life spells require the drucrafter to know what they’re doing.  Enhancing the wrong system, or picking the right system but enhancing it in the wrong way, will make things worse than if the drucrafter had done nothing at all.  As such, skilled medical drucrafters are always in high demand.

Finally, as with most drucraft effects, Life spells can be used in reverse, suppressing or weakening a bodily system instead of boosting it.  In theory this would mean that any Life sigl would have its mirror-image version that harms instead of heals, or debilitates instead of strengthens.  In practice, however, this is rarely done, for the simple reason that medical Life sigls are always in such high demand.  Every Life Well used to make a harmful sigl is one that isn’t being used to make a medical sigl, and given how much people are willing to pay for good health, this is rarely a good deal for the shaper.

Associations

Life essentia is associated with (unsurprisingly) life – vitality, fertility, reproduction, health, and endurance, as well as with rulership and dominion.  Its associated celestial body is Jupiter.

Distribution

The country with the strongest Life Wells is India, though Brazil comes a close second.  The two of them combined account for the majority of global Life sigl production.  Other countries with strong Life resources include Nigeria, Russia, Ghana, and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Attunement is a measurement of compatibility between a drucrafter and a sigl.  Higher attunement means a sigl will function better, lower attunement means a sigl will function worse, and below a certain minimum a sigl will not function at all.

Attunement can be measured either as a percentage (between 0% and 100%) or as a ratio (1 to 1, 3 to 1, etc).  These are just different ways of expressing the same thing;  1 to 1 means 50%, 3 to 1 means 75%, and so on.  In both cases, what they’re measuring is what fraction of the sigl’s kernel is made up out of the drucrafter’s personal essentia, and what fraction is made from a different type of essentia (or from nothing at all).

Attunement matters because a sigl’s kernel being made from a drucrafter’s personal essentia is what makes it their sigl, and not someone else’s.  If that fraction of personal essentia drops below a certain level, the sigl won’t work.  The exact point at which that level is crossed is variable and depends on multiple factors, but on average tends to fall somewhere between 20% and 25%.    

For shapers who make their own sigls, attunement is usually irrelevant.  Since they’re the one and only person shaping the sigl, it of course will contain no personal essentia except their own.  As such, it’s easy for a shaper to forget just how big a problem attunement can be for everybody else.

Sharing the Load

Most sigls in the modern day are commercially produced and sold for profit, rather than being used by the shaper who creates them.  This causes an inherent tension in the shaping process.  To create a sigl, a shaper must use their own personal essentia to do so (otherwise, they’d have no way to shape the sigl in the first place) and from the shaper’s point of view, the more of their own essentia that they use, the easier the sigl is to shape.  However, from the point of view of the end user, the ideal is for the sigl to contain as much as possible of their personal essentia, and as little as possible of the shaper’s.  The higher the ratio of the user’s personal essentia to the shaper’s, the more effective the sigl is going to be.

The compromise that most manufacturers have settled upon (at least in the Western world) is a ratio of 3:1, or 75%.  Most reputable sigl providers will guarantee this as a minimum (which means in practice that most manufacturers will try to go as low to this number as possible without quite dipping below it).  Higher-end sigls aimed at the luxury or professional markets may advertise attunement ratios of 4:1 or occasionally even 5:1, though a ratio of 5:1 is considered extremely difficult for a shaper to achieve (and in practice most channellers can’t tell the difference between a 4:1 and a 5:1 sigl anyway).

However, even a sigl with a low attunement ratio results in a finished product which is more than usable . . . as long as it’s a solid sigl.  The real problems start when it isn’t.

Engineered Weakness

One of the more dubious legacies of 20th-century drucraft was the technique of producing ‘threaded’ sigls.  Essentially, threading is a method of reducing the essentia content of a sigl by removing non-essential parts.  This allows for much cheaper sigl production, but at the cost of drastically reduced attunement and lifespan . . . and these reductions are cumulative.

Put all this together, and one can end up with a sigl produced at a 3 to 1 attunement ratio (75%), that is also heavily threaded (reducing the sigl’s effective attunement by half) and which (due to said heavy threading) sublimates orders of magnitude faster than a solid one would.  Such a sigl could be bought new and yet still end up hovering between 20% and 30% attunement after only a couple of years.  This is how one gets the notorious ‘junk sigls’ flooding modern markets, which despite technically having a 3 to 1 attunement ratio, have lifespans of two to three years at most.  For those unfortunate enough to have to rely on such sigls, attunement is less a measure of compatibility and more of a ticking clock that measures how long they have before the sigl will have to be replaced.

‘Affinity’ can mean two things in a drucraft context.  Usually people use it to mean an affinity with one or other of the branches;  the same thing that makes it so much easier for a drucrafter to shape a sigl of one branch, as opposed to another.  However, it can also refer to the drucrafter’s affinity with a country.

Branch affinity and country affinity are similar in theory – they’re both a measurement of a drucrafter’s compatibility with a certain type of essentia – but work quite differently in practice.  Branch affinities are largely inborn, and somewhat unpredictable.  Although they do seem to be weakly inheritable – a drucrafter from a family with a strong Light tradition is statistically more likely to have a Light affinity – the correlation is not perfect, and it’s common for drucrafters to have at least one unusual affinity or disaffinity that seems to have come more or less from nowhere.

By contrast, country affinities are extremely predictable.  If a drucrafter grows up in a region, then they will invariably have a strong affinity for the essentia of that particular place.  This seems to be a natural consequence of the way essentia works;  all living creatures unconsciously take in, assimilate, and release essentia in a constant process.  As part of this, their bodies become accustomed to the quality and idiosyncrasies of the essentia in that particular place.  For the most part, this happens in the background and goes completely unnoticed;  it only becomes relevant when a drucrafter travels somewhere else, and suddenly has to adapt to essentia of a different kind.

Adjusting to a change in local essentia (sometimes referred to as ‘essentia shock’) is not difficult or dangerous, but it is disorienting.  This disorientation has a particularly pronounced effect on drucrafters with strong sensing skills;  the more sensitive they are to changes in background essentia levels, the more they’ll notice the difference.  A drucrafter with terrible sensing, on the other hand, is unlikely to notice much, since they’ll only really register the essentia once their body has assimilated it into personal essentia, by which point most of its unique features will have been overwritten anyway (one of those cases where ignorance is bliss).  In either case, the change usually doesn’t cause serious problems.

However, there is one situation where essentia shock does become a serious problem:  shaping sigls.  A shaper, when creating a sigl, has to manipulate free essentia from the surrounding environment without assimilating it first.  In this case, unfamiliarity with local essentia becomes a massive handicap, and for an unwary shaper is likely to cause a shaping to end in total failure.

The simplest solution to this problem for a prospective shaper to work with a local.  A shaper ‘guide’ can assist with the acclimatisation process, helping the new arrival become accustomed to the differences.  A limiter also largely bypasses the issue, since in this case the limiter’s creator will have done most of the hard work already (though having someone familiar with local conditions will still help).

The slower, though more thorough, option is for a prospective shaper to simply stay in the place long enough to become familiar with it.  However, this can take a long time.  Most manifesters argue that it takes a minimum of six months to a year to become familiar with a really different essentia environment, and mastering it can take considerably longer.

NB:  Though referred to as ‘country’ affinities, these affinities are not dependent on political borders.  For relatively small countries, this doesn’t make much difference, as the distance between two spots within the country will rarely be large enough for the local essentia to vary dramatically.  However, for really big countries, such as China, Russia, or the USA, it’s quite possible for native drucrafters to experience essentia shock just by moving from one end of their home country to the other.